Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-2 (of 2 Records) |
Query Trace: Paliakov E[original query] |
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Human aflatoxin exposure in Kenya, 2007: a cross-sectional study
Yard EE , Daniel JH , Lewis LS , Rybak ME , Paliakov EM , Kim AA , Montgomery JM , Bunnell R , Abudo MU , Akhwale W , Breiman RF , Sharif SK . Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013 30 (7) 1322-31 Aflatoxins contaminate approximately 25% of agricultural products worldwide. They can cause liver failure and liver cancer. Kenya has experienced multiple aflatoxicosis outbreaks in recent years, often resulting in fatalities. However, the full extent of aflatoxin exposure in Kenya has been unknown. Our objective was to quantify aflatoxin exposure across Kenya. We analysed aflatoxin levels in serum specimens from the 2007 Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey - a nationally representative, cross-sectional serosurvey. KAIS collected 15,853 blood specimens. Of the 3180 human immunodeficiency virus-negative specimens with ≥1 mL sera, we randomly selected 600 specimens stratified by province and sex. We analysed serum specimens for aflatoxin albumin adducts by using isotope dilution MS/MS to quantify aflatoxin B1-lysine, and normalised with serum albumin. Aflatoxin concentrations were then compared by demographic, socioeconomic and geographic characteristics. We detected serum aflatoxin B1-lysine in 78% of serum specimens (range = <LOD-211 pg/mg albumin, median = 1.78 pg/mg albumin). Aflatoxin exposure did not vary by sex, age group, marital status, religion or socioeconomic characteristics. Aflatoxin exposure varied by province (p < 0.05); it was highest in Eastern (median = 7.87 pg/mg albumin) and Coast (median = 3.70 pg/mg albumin) provinces and lowest in Nyanza (median = <LOD) and Rift Valley (median = 0.70 pg/mg albumin) provinces. Our findings suggest that aflatoxin exposure is a public health problem throughout Kenya, and it could be substantially impacting human health. Wide-scale, evidence-based interventions are urgently needed to decrease exposure and subsequent health effects. |
Isotope dilution ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in human serum
Schleicher RL , Encisco SE , Chaudhary-Webb M , Paliakov E , Pfeiffer CM . Clin Chim Acta 2011 412 1594-9 BACKGROUND: An ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with calibration traceable to NIST SRM was developed and validated to measure concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(2) (25OHD(2)), 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25OHD(3)) and the C-3 epimer of 25OHD(3) (epi-25OHD(3)) in human serum. METHODS: Tri- and hexa-deuterated internal standards were added to serum (100mul) to monitor recovery. Liquid-liquid extraction was used to extract the hexane-soluble materials. Calibration solutions [8-100nmol/L 25OHD(2,) 12-150nmol/L 25OHD(3), and 4-50nmol/L epi-25OHD(3)] prepared in phosphate-buffered saline containing 4% albumin were similarly processed. Using a pentafluorophenyl column (2.1x100mm) and isocratic methanol/water (72/28, v/v) flowing at 0.4ml/min, run time was 14min per sample; 25OHD(3) and epi-25OHD(3) were baseline separated. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in the positive ion mode with selected reaction monitoring captured the following transitions: 25OHD(2), m/z 395.3>377.3 (209.1 qualifier); (epi-)25OHD(3), m/z 383.3>365.3 (105.1 qualifier); d(3)-25OHD(2)m/z 398.3>380.3; and d(6)-25OHD(3), m/z 389.3>371.3. RESULTS: Recovery averaged ≥98%. Total imprecision was ≤10% when concentrations were ≥20nmol/l. Bias averaged <5%. Detection limits were <5nmol/l. Median (nmol/l) 25OHD(2), 25OHD(3) and epi-25OHD(3) were quantitated in 98 blood donors (<LOD, 56.0, <LOD) and 35 pregnant women (<LOD, 87.6, 3.70). CONCLUSIONS: This method is highly accurate, precise and specific. |
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